(a) Coordination: It is the force that binds all the functions of management. It is the common thread that runs through all activities such as purchase, production, sales, finance, etc. to ensure continuity in the working of the organization. Coordination is not a separate function of management. It is the essence of management.
1. It is implicit and inherent in all functions of management
2. Top management plans for the entire organization.
3. According to these plans, the organizational structure is developed and staffed.
4. In order to ensure that these plans are executed according to plans, directing is required.
5. Any deviation between the actual and the standard performance is corrected at the stage of controlling.
(b) Coordination is a continuous process. It begins at the planning stage and continues till controlling