1. Supervision: It means observing the subordinates at work to see that they are working in accordance with plans and to help them in solving their problems. The important thing in supervision is that it involves face to face contact between superiors and subordinates.Supervisor’s position is
2. Motivation: In the context of an organisation motivation means stimulating employees of all levels to work with greater enthusiasm and more efficiency for the accomplishment of the objectives of the enterprises. It involves arousing needs and desires in people so as to initiate and direct their behaviour in a purposive manner.
3. Leadership: Leadership is the activity of influencing people to strive willingly for organisational goals. Leadership indicates the ability of an individual to maintain good interpersonal relations with followers and motivate them to contribute for achieving organisational objectives. Managers at all levels are expected to be the leaders of their subordinates.
4. Communication: It is the process of exchange of information between two or more persons to reach common understanding.
