Formal Communication: refers to official communication which takes place following the chain of command. Classification of formal communication-
1. Vertical Communication: Flows vertically i.e., upwards or downwards through formal channels.
(i) Downward Communication: Higher to lower level like plans, policies, rules etc.
(ii) Upward Communication: Subordinate too superior like suggestions, grievances, reports etc.
2. Horizontal/lateral Communication: between persons holding positions at the same level of the organisation e.g., production manager may contact marketing manager about product design, quality etc.
