Reasons for the Nationalist upsurge in the 19th century Europe :
(i) Oppression of people under absolute rulers.
(ii) Liberal ideas spread by well-known philosophers and leaders.
(iii) The French Revolution inspired the people to fight for freedom. The slogan ‘Liberty, Equality and Fraternity’ became the clarion call for the common people.
(iv) With the outbreak of revolutionary wars, the French army and its soldiers began to carry the ideas of nationalism abroad.
