Question

Since DNA is a hydrophilic molecule, it cannot pass through cell membranes.
Name and explain the technique with which the DNA is forced into (i) a
bacterial cell (ii) a plant cell (iii) an animal cell.

Answer 1

(i) Chemical treatment: treated with divalent cation such as Calcium) and
exposure to cold and high temp. (42° C) alternatively (Bacterial cell)
(ii) Biolistics or gene gun. (Plant cell). In this method gold and tunguston
particles, coaled with DNA are bombarded with high velocity.
(iii) Micro-injection, (animal cell). In this method r DNA is directly injected
into the nucleus of an animal cell.